Kenyir Hydroelectric 2012

Sultan Mahmud Power Station or Kenyir Dam (Malay: Empangan Kenyir) is the hydroelectric dam which forms Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia. It is located 50 km southwest of Kuala Terengganu on the Kenyir River. The project is a multipurpose hydroelectric power and flood mitigation scheme.

Ataturk Dam Turkey

The Atatürk Dam, originally the Karababa Dam, is a zoned rock-fill dam with a central core on the Euphrates River on the border of Adıyaman Province and Şanlıurfa Province in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Built both to generate electricity and to irrigate the plains in the region, it was renamed in honour of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the founder of the Turkish Republic.

The construction began in 1983 and was completed in 1990. The dam and the hydroelectric power plant, which went into service after the upfilling of reservoir was accomplished in 1992, are operated by the State Hydraulic Works (DSİ). The reservoir created behind the dam, called Lake Atatürk Dam (Turkish: Atatürk Baraj Gölü), is the third largest in Turkey.






The dam is situated at 24 km (15 mi) northwest to Bozova town of Şanlıurfa Province on the state road D.875 to Adıyaman. Centerpiece of the 22 dams on the Euphrates and the Tigris, which all form the integrated, multi-sector regional development project of Southeastern Anatolia Project, known as GAP, it is one of the world's largest dams.

The Atatürk Dam, one of the five operational dams on the Euphrates as of 2008, is preceded by Keban and Karakaya dams upstream and followed by Birecik and the Karkamış dams downstream. Two more dams on the river are under construction.







The dam embankment is 169 m (554 ft) high and 1,820 m (5,970 ft) long. The hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) has a total installed power capacity of 2,400 MW generating 8,900 GWh electricity annually. The total cost of the dam project amounted about US$ 1.25 billion.

The dam was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish one million lira banknotes of 1995-2005 and of the 1 new lira banknote of 2005-2009.

Note from ataturk dam

What does a commutator do in an electric motor?

A commutator is used to ensure the correct direction of current flow is maintained through the windings within the rotor of a direct current motor or generator.

Three Gorges Dam Hydro Began Testing

Three Gorges Hyrdro began testing an 800-megawatt hydro turbine that has the biggest unit capacity in the world after completing its installation.

Three Gorges News

Main Inlet Valve

Main inlet valve or shortly we say MIV is the spherical valve which installed before water enter into spiral casing of the hydro turbine.

Above are some pictures of main inlet valve in hydro plant.  Is it worth to buy a spare for this equipment? How much it cost for one unit of this MIV? Please share it here if you have some experience on this.

Main Inlet Valve - MIV 

Digital protective relays

The functions of electromechanical protection systems are now being replaced by microprocessor-based digital protective relays, sometimes called "numeric relays".

Overcurrent Relay

An "overcurrent relay" is a type of protective relay which operates when the load current exceeds a preset value. The ANSI device number is 50 for an instantaneous overcurrent (IOC), 51 for a time over current (TOC).

In a typical application the overcurrent relay is connected to a current transformer and calibrated to operate at or above a specific current level. When the relay operates, one or more contacts will operate and energize to trip (open) a circuit breaker.

Srinagarind Hydro Plant - Hydro

Srinagarind Location: Kanchanaburi Operator: Electric Generating Auth of Thailand Configuration: 3 X 120 MW Francis, 2 X 180 MW FPT Operation: 1980-1991 T/G supplier: MHI, Hitachi EPC: EPDC, Vianini Lavori Quick facts: Srinagarind is on the River Kwai and is the largest hydro plant in western Thailand. The 140m rockfill dam has a crest length of 610m.

Source: Power Plant Around the World

Sirkit Hydro Plant - Thailand

Sirikit Location: Uttradit Operator: Electric Generating Auth of Thailand Configuration: 4 X 125 MW bulb Operation: 1974-1995 T/G supplier: MHI, Melco EPC: Sogreah, Vianini Lavori Quick facts: This 160m high, 800m long earthfill dam about 500km north of Bangkok is Thailand's largest and formed the country's largest lake. The 220km² reservoir on the Nan River feeds a network of irrigation canals. The powerhouse was completed with three sets and provision for a fourth unit. After some years, the fourth machine was authorized and was installed at a cost of ¥4,323mn with funding from JICA. The power station is connected to Phitsnulok substation by a 110km, 230 kV line and to Uttaradit substation by a 60km, 110lkV line. The project was named after the King of Thailand's wife

Source: Power Plant Around the World

Pak Mun Hydro Plant - Thailand

Pak Mun Location: Ubol Ratchathani Operator: Electric Generating Auth of Thailand Configuration: 4 X 34 MW bulb Operation: 1994-1995 T/G supplier: Voest EPC: Sogreah, Vianini Lavori Quick facts: Construction of the Pak Mun dam near the Laotian border in Ubon Ratchathani Province was opposed by local farmers. After somewhat acrimonious negotiations between Thai authorities, the World Bank, and other interested parties, the project was redesigned to minimize the displacement of local residents.

Source: Power Plant Around the World

Bhumibol Hydro Plant - Thailand

Bhumibol Location: Tak Operator: Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Configuration: 6 X 76.5 MW Francis, 1 X 115 MW Pelton, 1 X 175 MW FPT Operation: 1964-1996 T/G supplier: ABB, BHEL, G-A, Hitachi, Kvaerner Quick facts: Bhumibol is in Tak Province about 480km north of Bangkok. It was Thailand's first multipurpose project and remains one of the largest concrete dams in Southeast Asia. The plant was extensively overhauled during the 1990s by VA TECH and others. JICA assisted with financing the rehab.


Source: Power Plant Around the World

High-Pressure Cleaner AQUATAK 1200 PLUS BOSCH POWER TOOLS

High-Pressure Cleaner AQUATAK 1200 PLUS BOSCH POWER TOOLS

• Motor Power : 1,750 W
• Max. Pressure : 120 bar
• Max. Flow Volume : 390 l/h
• Max. Flow Temp. : 60oC

Protection Relays

In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a complex electromechanical apparatus, often with more than one coil, designed to calculate operating conditions on an electrical circuit and trip circuit breakers when a fault is detected. Unlike switching type relays with fixed and usually ill-defined operating voltage thresholds and operating times, protective relays have well-established, selectable, time/current (or other operating parameter) curves.

Such relays may be elaborate, using arrays of induction disks, shaded-pole magnets, operating and restraint coils, solenoid-type operators, telephone-relay contacts, and phase-shifting networks. Protection relays respond to such conditions as over-current, over-voltage, reverse power flow, over- and under- frequency. Distance relays trip for faults up to a certain distance away from a substation but not beyond that point. An important transmission line or generator unit will have cubicles dedicated to protection, with many individual electromechanical devices.

The various protective functions available on a given relay are denoted by standard ANSI Device Numbers. For example, a relay including function 51 would be a timed overcurrent protective relay. Design and theory of these protective devices is an important part of the education of an electrical engineer who specializes in power systems. Today these devices are nearly entirely replaced with microprocessor-based digital protective relays (numerical relays) that emulate their electromechanical ancestors with great precision and convenience in application.

By combining several functions in one case, numerical relays also save capital cost and maintenance cost over electromechanical relays. However, due to their very long life span, tens of thousands of these "silent sentinels" are still protecting transmission lines and electrical apparatus all over the world.

3.1Amp Dual USB In Car Charger

Product specifications:

• Model: R6 Rad
• Dimensions: 5cm x 2.8cm x 2.8cm
• Weight: 20g
• Dual USB port charges 2 devices simultaneously
• Input: 12V – 24V
• Output: up to 3.1 Amp
• Storage temperature: -20ºC – 60ºC
• Working temperature: 0ºC – 45ºC
• Fire resistant ABS and PC materials

Package includes:

• 1 x R6 RAD 3.1Amp Dual USB In Car Charger
• 1 x iPhone, iPad USB cable
• 1 x Micro USB Cable

Mechanical mates provide electrical lifelines to weakening USB-enabled devices, rescuing two gadgets simultaneously with dual USB ports. While iPhones and iPads are supported with an included cable for Apple devices, gadget discrimination is avoided with a Micro USB cable which resuscitates mobile phones, cameras and game consoles. One-year warranties ensure peace of mind, while tension flavoured traffic jams are avoided with free nationwide delivery to porches, mailboxes, and waiting arms.

ipad 2 vs ipad3

ipad2 vs ipad3

Nokia 808 PureView - The next breakthrough in photography

Nokia 808 PureView – revolutionary camera technology; great smartphone

The game changer! Nokia 808 PureView http://nokia.ly/xz6mhS takes every bit of image goodness captured by a 41MP sensor and Carl Zeiss lens and turns it into beautifully detailed images and Full HD videos. Be ready to shoot and share with friends in an instant.

Nokia 808 PureView won the award for Best New Mobile Handset, Device or Tablet at Mobile World Congress 2012.

AINOL Novo 7 Paladin

• One 7” Android 4.0 Tablet PC for RM399 instead of RM830
• Two 7” Android 4.0 Tablet PCs for RM750 instead of RM1,660 (only RM375 per unit)

Product specifications:

• Model: AINOL Novo 7 Paladin
• Colours: White or black
• Dimensions: 176mm (L) x 111mm (W) x 14mm (H)
• Weight: 360g
• Operating system: Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
• Processor: Ingenic JZ4770 Xburst, 1GHz
• GPU: GC860
• Memory: 512MB
• Storage: 8GB NAND Flash (about 2.2GB used by system space)
• 7” multi-touch capacitive touch screen
• Resolution: 800 x 480
• Visible angle: 150°
• Supports TF card up to 32GB (not included)
• 1080p full HD decoding supported
• 300M high-speed wireless Wi-Fi / 3G / Ethernet connectivity
• Wi-Fi: 802.11 b / g /n supported
• Battery: 4,000mAh Li-ion
• Languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, German, Italian, French, and more.
• Mini USB port and 3.5mm headphone jack included

Package includes:

• 1x Ainol Novo 7 Paladin Android 4.0 tablet PC
• 1x Earphones
• 1x USB cable
• 1x User manual

Pictures and moving pictures parade colours and tones on seven-inch, high-resolution display landscapes as tablets decode 1080p HD videos and hieroglyphics. Equipped with Android 4.0, portable devices entertain owners by playing music, reading emails, and throwing grumpy fowls against swine. 4,000mAh lithium-ion energy reserves ensure androids continue running when in virtual Internet realms and on treadmills, while one-year warranties shield against manufacturer’s defects. Rejoicing with complimentary nationwide delivery, enthusiasts eagerly wait by the door as sleek tablet machines make their way to houses, apartments, and pet hotels.

AINOL Novo 7 Paladin

iPad 3 - Next Generation

We expect some major changes with the new iPad 3, but what will they be. My first thoughts are a possible HD design and the possibility of added 3D features. They could even go holographic on us. I imagine they will upgrade the camera features and include some of the newer software we've seen on the Macs. teleconferencing capabilities as well. As displayed maybe they will change the look of the ipad to a wider screen and sleeker design. Either way it will be interesting to see what the new design will have to offer.

commented by: www.vueitvisor.com

The Global Positioning System (GPS)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The system imposes some technical limitations[clarification needed] which are only removed for authorized users.

The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.

The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems,[1] integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.

Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to modernize the GPS system and implement the next generation of GPS III satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX).[2] Announcements from the Vice President and the White House in 1998 initiated these changes. In 2000, U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, referred to as GPS III.

In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by only the Russian military, until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.

source: wikipedia

How to Change Your Car's Oil: Part 2

To complete this How-To you will need:

Your car's owner's manual
A car jack and jack stands
An oil pan
An oil-filter wrench
A new oil filter
A funnel
A rag or a paper towel
A large resealable plastic bag
Motor oil
An approved automotive store that can dispose of your used oil and filter

Warning: Changing your oil can be dangerous, so be careful. If the car is jacked up incorrectly, you can hurt yourself and damage the car.

Step 1: Remove the oil filter

Under the hood or under the car, locate the oil filter, which is usually in the lower half of the engine block. Put the oil pan on the ground underneath the filter. With the oil-filter wrench, turn the filter counterclockwise to loosen it. Slowly and carefully remove it with your hands. The filter is full of oil: Have the oil pan handy. Seal the filter in the plastic bag and set it aside.

Tip: Once you remove the filter, make sure the rubber seal has come off with it and is not still attached to your car.

Step 2: Open the new filter

Open the new filter. With your finger, rub a thin layer of fresh oil around the rubber seal to lubricate it.

Step 3: Install the filter

Install the filter securely by turning it clockwise. You don't need the oil-filter wrench.

Tip: If the filter is screwed in too tightly, it can be damaged.

Step 4: Lower the car

Jack the car up slightly higher. Remove the jack stand; then lower the car back to the ground. Remove the jack.

Step 5: Add fresh oil

Under the hood, insert the funnel into the oil filler you opened earlier. Pour the oil into the funnel. Most cars require 4 to 6 quarts. Don't top it off. Replace the oil cap.

Step 6: Run the car

Start the car, let the engine run for about 30 seconds, and then turn it off.

Step 7: Check the oil level

Under the hood, pull out the oil dipstick, and wipe it with a rag or paper towel. Slide the dipstick all the way back into its slot. Pull the dipstick out again. Notice where the line of oil falls on the stick--it should be somewhere between the "add" and "full" markers. If you need to add more oil, do so. If not, replace the dipstick.

Step 8: Go for a ride

Close the hood and take your car for a spin. First stop: an automotive store, to drop off the used oil and filter for proper disposal.

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically mains power, fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide instantaneous or near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions by means of one or more attached batteries and associated electronic circuitry for low power users, and or by means of diesel generators and flywheels for high power users. The on-battery runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short—5–15 minutes being typical for smaller units—but sufficient to allow time to bring an auxiliary power source on line, or to properly shut down the protected equipment.

While not limited to protecting any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically used to protect computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. UPS units range in size from units designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor (around 200 VA rating) to large units powering entire data centers, buildings, or even cities.

How to Change Your Car's Oil: Part 1

To complete this How-To you will need:

Your car's owner's manual
Motor oil
Bricks or rocks
A car jack and jack stands
An oil pan
A box wrench or adjustable wrench
A towel
A disposable plastic container with a lid
A new drain-plug gasket

Warning: Changing your oil can be dangerous, so be careful. If the car is jacked up incorrectly, you can hurt yourself and damage the car.

Step 1: Prepare the car

Park the car on a level surface, apply the emergency brake, and let it cool off for at least an hour before you start working.

Step 2: Check your oil supply

Your owner's manual will specify the right kind and quantity of oil for your car's specific make and model. Make sure the oil is certified by the American Petroleum Institute.

Step 3: Block the wheels

Place sturdy, heavy objects (like bricks or rocks) behind and in front of the two back wheels to block them.

Step 4: Jack up the car

Check your owner's manual to find the jack point--the correct placement for a jack--under the car's front wheels. Use the jack to raise the car off the ground. Then, slide the jack stands under the car to bear the car's weight.

Warning: Never get under a car supported solely by a jack.

Step 5: Remove the oil-filler cap

Open the hood, and locate the oil-filler cap. Take it off, and put it somewhere safe.

Tip: Most oil caps are marked with an icon that looks like Aladdin's lamp.

Step 6: Loosen the plug

Slide under the car and position the oil pan on the ground directly under the engine. With the box or adjustable wrench, loosen the drain plug by turning it counterclockwise.

Step 7: Drain the oil

Cover your fingers with the towel and remove the plug. Adjust the pan so all the oil drains into it. While the oil is draining, you can switch out the old drain-plug gasket with a new one

Tip: The drain plug is usually closer to the front of the car. On some models, it's labeled. If the fluid coming out is red, you've removed the transmission plug by mistake--screw it back on and locate the drain plug.

Step 8: Replace the drain plug

After 15 to 20 minutes, when the oil has completely drained, screw the drain plug back on with your fingers. Tighten it with the wrench, being careful not to overtighten.

Step 9: Get rid of the old oil

Pour the used oil from the pan into a disposable container with a lid, and set it aside. You're halfway there--see How to Change Your Car's Oil: Part 2 to finish the task.

Jointflex - Gold life

Joinflex as adjuvant therap for osteoarthritis

• quality and stability assured and validated
• clinical benefits/therapeutic effects with glukosamine sulphate
• better absorption with smaller chondroitin sulphates moleculs
• 2 in 1 synergetic effect

What is an actuator?

motor actuator

An actuator is a type of motor for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into some kind of motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent acts upon an environment. The agent can be either an artificial intelligence agent or any other autonomous being (human, other animal, etc).

source: wikipedia

An actuator is something that converts energy into motion. It also can be used to apply a force. An actuator typically is a mechanical device that takes energy — usually energy that is created by air, electricity or liquid — and converts it into some kind of motion. That motion can be in virtually any form, such as blocking, clamping or ejecting. Actuators typically are used in manufacturing or industrial applications and might be used in devices such as motors, pumps, switches and valves.

source: wisegeek.com

Papago H8

Papago H8

• 6.0" touch screen (SLIM) - high defination
• Multi-language
• Voice command
• Preinstalled Papago X8.5
• Build in memory: 2GB
• Video, music
• TMC ready
• Price: RM849

Cold kills 33 more in Europe, dam breaks in Bulgaria

SOFIA (Reuters) - Europe's bitterly cold weather killed another 33 people on Monday and melting snow caused a dam wall to break and flood an entire village in Bulgaria.

Gas supplies to the European Union from Russia improved at the weekend but have not fully recovered, the European Commission said, as Italy convened a crisis committee to handle what it called critical shortages of Russian gas.

The dam wall broke and flooded the village in southern Bulgaria following heavy rain and snow melting. Four people drowned and more than 50 were evacuated, the Interior Ministry said. Four more people died when their cars were swept away by high waters.

"There are demolished houses and people in distress," the ministry said in a statement.

Bulgaria warned neighbouring Greece and Turkey that two other dams were expected to overflow later on Monday.

The cold snap has killed hundreds of people in Europe.

Nine died over the past 24 hours in Poland, bringing the total to 62 since the end of January. Temperatures fell to minus 24 Celsius at night in northeastern parts of the country.

In Croatia's Dalmatia region, more than 100 villages were cut off by snow in the hinterland of the Adriatic coast, the emergency service centre said, and more snow was forecast.

Rescuers reached some of the Dalmatian villages on Sunday.

In one village, a woman gave birth in her house with the help of a neighbour, while a midwife from a nearby town gave them instructions by telephone.

"The baby girl is fine and beautiful and I'll probably name her Snow White, given the circumstances," the mother, Marta Glavota, told 24sata news website.

Ten people have died in Serbia so far, Montenegro reported its second death and Croatia said four people had died.

In Serbia, where 11,000 people remain cut off and a state of emergency has been declared, temperatures were forecast to stay below zero until mid-February.

Bosnia was paralysed for the fourth day with snow blocking cities. Helicopters were delivering baby food and aid packages to isolated villages in eastern parts.

Farmers were having problems feeding cattle and the president of Bosnia's farmers association, Vladimir Usorac, said milk production has dropped by 15 to 30 percent in the country.

"People are trying to get through and feed the cattle. It's very difficult because of 2-metre snow and even 5-metre snow drifts so there is no access to cattle feed," he said.

Bosnia recorded on Monday its eighth victim, after an 87-year- old woman died of hypothermia.

DUTCH SKATE

But in The Netherlands, suffering its coldest spell in 15 years, the snow was good news for some.

Ice skaters swarmed onto frozen ponds and canals and National television broadcaster NOS on Monday launched the daily "Ice News" to report about skating conditions.

Skaters were hoping for the right conditions to hold the Elfstedentocht - the famous Dutch "Eleven Cities Tour" which is a 200-km race on natural ice - for the first time since 1997.

In the Czech Republic, temperatures of minus 39.4C were recorded in the southwest along the German border. Meteorologists expect temperatures to fall more overnight.

At least 20 people have died in the Czech Republic, after two homeless people were reported dead overnight.

A burst pipe temporarily shut down an important western rail corridor between Prague and the German border town of Cheb.

The cold weather has increased demand for gas, and the European Commission said on Monday Bulgaria, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Poland and Greece were now receiving normal import levels, while supplies to Romania, Germany and Italy were increasing, but were not yet fully restored.

"It has become better over the weekend. We are in close contact with the member states," EU energy spokeswoman Marlene Holzner told a regular briefing.

The Commission says the situation does not constitute a crisis, with countries being able to meet their needs using storage facilities and other market measures.

In Italy, where demand reached all-time highs following a sixth straight day of curtailed supply from Russia, Italian Industry Minister Corrado Passera described the situation as "critical.

Russia's Gazprom said on Saturday it had brought supplies to European countries back to normal after lowering them "for a few days," but was unable to meet increased demand.

Unlike previous politically sensitive cutoffs of Russian gas, the six-day long reduction in supply to Europe stems from cold weather in Russia that has increased its domestic demand.

(Reporting by European Bureaux; Writing by Diana Abdallah)

Copyright © 2012 Reuters

Humidity Gauge - Hygrometer

A Hygrometer (UK: /haɪˈɡrɒmɪtə/) is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the environmental air, or humidity. Humidity is difficult to measure accurately. Most measurement devices usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed.

From calculations based on physical principles, or especially by calibration with a reference standard, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation, changes in electrical resistance, and changes in electrical capacitance to measure humidity changes.

Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 vs iPad 2

Samsung Galaxy tab 10.1 vs Ipad 2

	Galaxy Tab 10.1	iPad 2
Model	GT-P7510 (WiFi only version)	MC769LL (WiFi only version)
OS	Android Honeycomb 3.1	iOS 4.3.3
Processor	1GHz dual-core Nvidia Tegra 2 with ARM Cortex 9 CPUs & GeForce GPU	1GHz dual-core Apple A5
Memory	1GB RAM; 16GB flash storage	500MB RAM; 16GB flash storage
Display	10.1-in. (diag); 1280×800; 149 ppi	9.7-in. (diag); 1024×768; 132 ppi
Cameras	front 2MP; rear 3MP with 720p recording	front 0.3MP (640×480); rear 1MP (720p); 30fps recording on both
Speakers	stereo	mono
Video formats supported	H.264, H.263, XviD, WMV7/8, VP8, MP43, VC-1 format: 3GP (MP4), WMV (asf), AVI	H.264 with AAC-LC audio in .m4v, .mp4, .mov formats; MPEG-4 video in m4v, .mp4, .mov formats; M-JPEG with audio in ulaw, PCM stereo audio in .avi format
Audio formats supported	MP3, OGG, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WAV, AMR, MID, IMY, WMA, Vorbis, RTTTL/RTX, OTA	HE-AAC (V1/V2), AAC, Protected AAC , MP3, MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 2, 3, 4, Audible Enhanced Audio, AAX, AAX+), Apple Lossless, AIFF, WAV
Wireless	Wifi (802.11a/b/g/n; Bluetooth 2.1	Wifi (802.11a/b/g/n; Bluetooth 2.1
Location	GPS	Digital compass (no GPS on wifi-only models)
Expansion	Proprietary dock port (charging, usb, hdmi); 3.5mm audio in/out	Proprietary dock port (USB, sound, video, power); 3.5mm audio in/out
Battery	7000mAH 3.7V Li-polymer	6930mAH 3.8V Li-polymer
Dimensions	10.1 x 6.9 x 0.34 in	9.5 x 7.31 x 0.34 in
Weight	19.9 oz	21.3 oz
Default installed apps	Browser, Email, Gmail, Gallery, Maps, Books, Google Search, Google Talk, Voice Search, Latitude, Music Hub, Navigation, Places, Pulse, QuickOffice, YouTube, Music Player, Android Market, Samsung Apps	Mail, Safari Browser, iBooks, Videos, Photos, Find my iPad, iPod, iTunes, App Store, Maps, YouTube, Game Center, Notes, Calendar, Contacts, FaceTime, Photo Booth
Retail price	$499	$499

More details you can check at original website, here.

Sheet Metal Thickness Gauges

Gauge (ga)	Standard Steel Thickness (inches)	Galvanized Steel Thickness (inches)	Aluminum Thickness (inches)
3	0.2391		0.2294
4	0.2242		0.2043
5	0.2092		0.1819
6	0.1943		0.1620
7	0.1793		0.1443
8	0.1644		0.1285
9	0.1495	0.1532	0.1144
10	0.1345	0.1382	0.1019
11	0.1196	0.1233	0.0907
12	0.1046	0.1084	0.0808
13	0.0897	0.0934	0.0720
14	0.0747	0.0785	0.0641
15	0.0673	0.0710	0.0571
16	0.0598	0.0635	0.0508
17	0.0538	0.0575	0.0453
18	0.0478	0.0516	0.0403
19	0.0418	0.0456	0.0359
20	0.0359	0.0396	0.0320
21	0.0329	0.0366	0.0285
22	0.0299	0.0336	0.0253
23	0.0269	0.0306	0.0226
24	0.0239	0.0276	0.0201
25	0.0209	0.0247	0.0179
26	0.0179	0.0217	0.0159
27	0.0164	0.0202	0.0142
28	0.0149	0.0187	0.0126
29	0.0135	0.0172	0.0113
30	0.0120	0.0157	0.0100
31	0.0105	0.0142	0.0089
32	0.0097	0.0134	0.0080
33	0.0090		0.0071
34	0.0082		0.0063
35	0.0075		0.0056
36	0.0067